광산 분석

전체 전기차 배터리시장의 파이가 100이라고 가정한다면,

삼원계 배터리가 100을 먹고있었는데 40정도는(가정수치) LFP 배터리로 간다.

지금 시점에서 파이가 줄어드는건 명확보인다

LFP 배터리 자체의 디폴트값이 있어서 자체 용량을 늘리기는 힘들고,

한정된 공간에 얼마나 더 집어 넣냐가 관권

CTP cell to pack라는 기술로 지금 주행거리가 많이 올라와있고,

저가용 차량에 탑재되어서 사용하기에는 충분한 상태.

국내 배터리업체들이 LFP배터리를 못만든다?

기술장벽이 낮은 LFP를 못만드는게 아닐테고

LFP배터리에 들어가는 양극재가격과 생산단가가 안나와서 안하고 못하고 있다고 봐야겠죠.

중국내에서는 공장 지어서 충분히 만들수있겠죠

미국내에서 LFP배터리 공장은 왜 안만들고 만들 계획이 없는걸까?

https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1133955_apple-seeks-lfp-batteries-suppliers-byd-and-catl

애플도 계속 LFP 배터리 미국에 지어달라고 구애중이죠 CATL, BYD 둘다 거절함.

중국에서 생산된 양극재와 소재를 미국으로 보내서 LFP배터리를 만들면 단가가 나올까 싶네요.

내수시장만해도 지금 수요가 많기때문에 궂이 미국으로 갈 경제적이나 효율적이지 않는것이라고 판단한듯.

그냥 중국에서 생산해서 수출하는게 더 이득이죠.

4680과 파나소닉.

NCA 스텐다드랜 테슬라에 공급하던거 전량다 LFP배터리로 교체.

파나소닉은 4680 배터리에 집중.

4680 배터리는 사이버트럭, 세미트럭에 쓰일 예정.

스마트폰도 저가용폰 프리미엄폰이 나눠져있듯이.

돈있는 사람들은 프리미엄폰 쓰고, 가난한사람들은 저가용쓰겠죠.

이건 시장과 소비자들이 결정할일.

Province Resources Limited (ASX:PRL) (the Company or Province) is pleased to report on the June
2021 quarter activities.

HIGHLIGHTS/SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

• Binding 12-month Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) executed with global renewable
energy leader Total Eren to perform a feasibility study in view of potentially developing up to
8GW Renewable power facility and co-developing 50:50 with Province a downstream
hydrogen facility (see ASX Announcement 19 April 2021)

MOU Total Eren https://www.total-eren.com/en/\

50 대 50 으로 수소 시설 계발 MOU 체결. 1년 계약.

• Province reached an important milestone with the signing of a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the Shire of Carnarvon to collaborate on the potential
development of its HyEnergy ZERO CARBON HYDROGEN™ Project (see ASX Announcement 4
May 2021)

https://www.carnarvon.wa.gov.au/Home

• Province secured commitments for heavily oversubscribed $18m equity raising led by ESG and
other institutional funds, to advance both the scoping and feasibility studies at its HyEnergy
ZERO CARBON HYDROGEN™ Project and further its mineral exploration portfolio (see ASX
Announcement 20 May 2021). Cash position at the end of the Quarter $23.6m

• Significant progress with government and local stakeholder engagement made during the
quarter by Province and Total Eren

• Scoping Studies well underway and progressing well

• ERM engaged to undertake environmental studies

• Adopted Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Quarterly reporting

• The Company completed the acquisition to acquire all of the shares in Ozexco Pty Ltd that
includes tenements that relate to the Gascoyne and HyEnergy Projects in the Gascoyne
Region, Western Australia (see ASX Announcement 27 April 2021):

o Material acquisition with potential for multiple projects and commodities focusing on
Industrial Minerals and Renewable Green Hydrogen

o Extensive inter-tidal and alluvium areas, including mud flats in proven salt producing
region that may be amenable to large-scale solar salt and potash development

o World class wind and solar resources with close proximity to key infrastructure provides
potential for the establishment of a Renewable Green Hydrogen Project

o Extremely supportive Local, State and Federal governments in emerging Green Hydrogen
Industry set to fast-track projects

• Further to the acquisition of Ozexco Pty Ltd, Province identified and applied for tenements
covering a further 864km² in the Gascoyne coastal region prospective for Industrial Minerals
and a potential green hydrogen production site (see ASX Announcement 7 April 2021)

• Early-stage community engagement meeting with the Carnarvon Chamber of Commerce and
Industry held in Carnarvon (see ASX Announcement 15 June 2021)

• Letters of Support from the Gascoyne Development Commission and Shire of Carnarvon for
the Gascoyne and HyEnergy Projects. Province Resources Ltd
ABN 83 061 375 442
358 Rokeby Road, SUBIACO WA 6008
PH: +61 8 9329 6862

• Key appointments of Kylah Morrison and, subsequent to the end of the Quarter, Roger Martin,
as Non-Executive Directors to significantly strengthen the Board.

• Appointment of key management personnel of Greg Walker and Burke Maslen to drive the
approvals and key stakeholder engagement across all exploration projects

• Exploration planning progressing at Gnama Project in the Fraser Range, Western Australia
with environmental surveys to be undertaken in Q3 prior to drilling

The Calix calcination process is particularly well suited to fine spodumene feeds and provides excellent temperature control, allowing lower grade concentrates to be successfully treated, and can be renewably powered.

CXL사의 칼신네이션 정제 프로세스는 spod 중에서도 grade가 낮은 광석의 프로세스에 적합하고

온도 컨트롤이 용이하고 신재생에너지를 사용한다.

The scoping study will run until late 2021. If positive, Pilbara Minerals and Calix intend to form a Joint Venture to build a demonstration facility, starting with a Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS). Are the parties ahead or on Schedule wrt to the study, also likely ties in with recent appointment of Miriam Stanborough, to the Board as a non-executive Director, effective 2 October, 2021. Ms Stanborough is a chemical engineer with more than 20 years’ experience in the mineral processing industry across various commodities including copper, uranium, gold, silver, alumina and mineral sands Are we

The contemplated facility will be capable of up to several thousand tonnes of lithium salt annual production capacity, and the JV will also market and export the product from the facility, “on-shoring” significant value into Australia and avoiding the international shipment of thousands of tonnes of waste material (>90% of current spodumene exports) overseas.

The development could cornerstone a full battery production supply chain in Australia. To achieve this, Pilbara Minerals and Calix have agreed that once the demonstration facility has established the process and the market, the process will be marketed by the JV to Pilbara Minerals and other spodumene producers under licensing arrangements.

The proposed demonstration process will take fine, lower-grade spodumene concentrate and further process it on site utilizing renewable energy to create a low carbon, concentrated lithium salt, which can be further refined by others into lithium battery materials, or may potentially be used as direct feedstock for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cathode manufacture(I wonder if they are talking with Li-S Energy Limited (Australia) to supply their commercialization of Lithium Sulphur batteries) – LFP batteries being a key subset of China’s lithium ion battery supply and the battery of choice for the Tesla Model 3 in China.

The project is in strong alignment with Government strategies to on-shore processing and manufacturing, more sustainable mining and processing, and critical minerals strategies for battery materials. Spodumene-derived lithium salts from Australian producers could hit 500kT by 2030, and with current lithium carbonate prices well in excess of US$10,000 per tonne (now >US26,000 per tonne) – this represents a considerable licensing opportunity for the JV and multi-billion-dollar export value opportunity for Australia.

Pilbara Minerals and Calix commenced work on the project after being brought together under the Future Battery Industries Co-operative Research Centre (“FBI-CRC”). The overall benefits of developing the process include:

• A higher recovery is obtained from the ore body = less mine wastage
• A higher value product is produced in Australia = more value kept on-shore
• Significant waste is not shipped overseas, by shipping a much higher lithium concentrate = far less transportation cost / wastage
• By using an electric calciner, the project can connect to renewable power = materially lower CO2 footprint in the envisaged novel lithium raw materials supply chain, becoming very important for Australian exports.

Ken Brinsden, Managing Director of Pilbara Minerals said there are several significant problems experienced with existing rotary kiln technology when treating fine concentrates. “Firstly, the conventional calcination of fine ore incurs increased losses via dust. Secondly, legacy calcination
techniques are very energy and carbon intensive, using fossil fuels in an environment of significant heat losses. And lastly, the lack of uniform temperature control can lead to either incomplete phase change or partial melting of the concentrate impurities, both of which hinder the recovery of lithium in subsequent extraction processes.

“Calix and Pilbara Minerals have conducted calcination trials of Pilgangoora spodumene in its electrically fired BATMn reactor, at Calix’s Bacchus Marsh facility, and it successfully demonstrated high conversion rates, zero dust emissions and avoided any partial melting concerns.

“With these promising results, we will now move to a scoping study phase to investigate installing a calciner and downstream demonstration processing plant at Pilgangoora to allow the processing of fine, low grade ore to produce lithium salt material for export overseas.”

Big opportunities are opening for North Queensland to build on its international ties with Korea by supplying high-value battery precursor materials for electric vehicles

북 퀸즈랜드 (타운즈빌에 위치한 TEC) 프로젝트는 한국기업에 가치있는 전기차의 배터리의 양극재 원자재인 니켈과 코발트를 공급할수있는 큰 기회가 열였다.

One of the world’s largest EV battery makers, Korea’s LG Chem group, is investing in two of the region’s battery metals projects.

1 티어 회사인 엘지화학과 포스코사에서 타운즈빌에위치한 AUZ, QPM 차의 구매계약 체결 (Offtake)

Townsville already hosts the Korean-owned Sun Metals zinc refinery which is working to produce hydrogen, mostly for heavy vehicle transport.

타운즈빌에는 선메탈 (고려아연 자회사) 수소를 생산을 계획중이고 이는 큰 중장비 차량들에 공급될것이다

At stake is huge investments and thousands of jobs.

Earlier this year, the proponents of the $650m Townsville Energy Chemicals Hub project, Queensland Pacific Metals, announced supply agreements and equity stakes worth about $20m with LG Energy Solutions and Korean steel producer POSCO.

이번년도 초에는 "650m 캐피탈" 타운즈빌 에너지 케미컬 허브 프로젝트에 엘지와 포스코사에 20m 지분투자가 있었다.

Meanwhile, Australian Mines, which is proposing a $1.5b nickel mining and processing plant in Greenvale, has agreements with LG Energy Solutions to supply nickel and cobalt concentrates and, potentially, nickel-cobalt-manganese Precursor Cathode Active Materials favoured by EV car makers.

QPM CEO Stephen Grocott said electrification and, particularly, investments from Korea were opening the way to well paid, highly skilled jobs in Townsville.

QPM 한국의 투자는 타운즈빌의 기술직업을 가진분들에게 아주 좋은 일자리 창출의 기회라고 한다

He said their project, if it proceeded next year, would require 300 jobs, almost all professional, highly skilled, degree-qualified positions.

One of the reasons Townsville was such a good site was the availability of a skilled workforce and the presence of good universities, Mr Grocott said.

One downside is risk aversion in Australia.

가장 큰리스크는 호주내에서의 반대이다.

While QPM is hoping the federal government’s Northern Australia Infrastructure Facility and Export Finance Australia will provide loans, much of the funds needed for its project are expected to come from international banks and investors, particularly in Korea.

NAIF government’s Northern Australia Infrastructure Facility 정부 펀딩과 국제 은행 특히나 한국쪽에서 투자가 이루어질수있다고 한다.

“To me the biggest issues are risk aversion in Australia and the speed at which things get done,” Mr Grocott said.

호주에서 일처리속도가 굉장히 느린게 가장 큰이슈이고, 현재로써는 큰 프로젝트를 이행하는데 있어서 큰 이슈는 없어보인다.

Korean companies are supplying EV batteries to car makers around the world and are keen to diversify their supply of critical minerals which at present are sourced mostly from China.

중국으로 부터 원자재 조달 서플라이첸의 다각화를 이행하기위해서는 호주로부터 원자재 공급을 체결하는 방안은 불가피한 전략으로 보인다.

There is also concern about environmental damage in source countries like PNG and Indonesia.
The Australia-Korea Business Council has identified QPM’s TECH project among those which will broaden an already strong trading relationship with Korea.

PNG, 인도네시아의 환경 문제는 앞으로도 계획될것이고 지켜봐야할 상황이다. 그러한 측면에서는 QPM같은경우

공정자체가 친환경이기떄문에 투자하기에는 큰 매력이 있다.

It says Australia can be a reliable supplier of critical materials to allow Korea to move towards a lower carbon future, while Korea can help Australia unlock an additional annual income of $7.4bn and 34,700 jobs.

웨스턴 호주 정부는 앞으로 더 많은 정부펀딩을 수소쪽으로 투입할것으로 보인다

수소라는게 앞으로 탄소절감에 있어서 중요한 요소로 작용할수있는 에너지원이고 유일한 KEY일것으로 생각되어진다.

Don’t be surprised to see the Western Australian government inject more funds into the green hydrogen industry given that the state’s climatic conditions and available land mass lends itself to the production process.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7h8-QbYPIc 

파트너 Total Eron 100% MOU https://www.total-eren.com/en/

Founded in 2012, Total Eren is the dedicated renewable energy subsidiary of EREN Groupe, the leading player in natural resource efficiency. Total Eren is an Independent Power Producer (IPP), which develops, finances, invests in, builds and operates renewable energy power plants (solar, wind, hydro) worldwide over the long-term. Since December 2017, TotalEnergies, a key player in the energy sector, has been a shareholder of Total Eren. On 5 April 2019, Total Eren acquired NovEnergia Group, thereby strengthening its presence in southern Europe in particular.

생산 협력과 운송

스케일을 크게하면 그린수소도 단가 경쟁력을 갖는다 ?

딜 브레이커.

정부와 정책이 유일한 딜 브레이커일것이고 생각한다.